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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate tooth sensitivity and the efficacy of in-office bleaching when using different desensitizing dentifrices.@*METHODS@#In total, 150 eligible individuals were recruited and randomized by computer-generated block randomization into three groups: potassium nitrate group (n=50), stannous fluoride group (n=50), and placebo group (n=50). Participants were asked to use a desensitizing dentifrice and toothbrush 15 days prior to and after the in-office bleaching. Each patient received a one-session in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide whitening gel. The in-office bleaching included three 15 min operations, totally 45 min. Tooth sensitivity was evaluated by 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) scores immediately 0 d and 1 d, 2 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 30 d after in-office bleaching. In total, 48 (96%), 45 (90%), and 46 (92%) individuals in the potassium nitrate, stannous fluoride, and placebo groups, respectively, completed the follow-up observations.@*RESULTS@#Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANOVA). For tooth sensitivity produced by in-office bleaching, the mean VAS values of the three groups were analyzed. At 0 d immediately after surgery, the mean VAS of the potassium nitrate group was 39.22±15.08, which was lower than that of the stannous fluoride group (47.18±12.59) and the placebo group (52.53±14.05), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of the stannous fluoride group and the placebo group were similar, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). On 1 day postoperatively, the mean VAS of the potassium nitrate group was 38.27±16.52, which was lower than that of the stannous fluoride group (44.69±14.92) and the placebo group (44.45±13.54), P<0.05. The results of the stannous fluoride group and the placebo group were similar, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The mean values of VAS were similar 2 d, 7 d, 14 d and 30 d after operation, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with the stannous fluoride group and the placebo group, the use of potassium nitrate desensitizing toothpaste 15 days before surgery can effectively alleviate the tooth sensitivity during and after in-office bleaching.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dentifrices , Dentin Sensitivity , Double-Blind Method , Hydrogen Peroxide , Tooth , Tooth BleachingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Increasing studies have shown that cell-sheet engineering is a more promising method for the treatment of myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE: To construct sandwich-like myocardial cell sheets with electrospun chitosan-collagen membrane as support membrane and with adipose-derived stem cells as seed cells. METHODS: In this study, we prepared electrospun chitosan-collagen membranes at different mass ratio (7:3, 5:5) as a support membrane. Adipose-derived stem cells at passage 4 that were cultured in a thermo-sensitive petri dish for 3 days were seeded onto the two kinds of electrospun membranes at 20 ℃ for 15 minutes until the cell sheets rolled up. Then, the electrospun membranes and cell sheets with the cell layers facing up were placed together onto another thermo-sensitive petri dish in which adipose-derived stem cells were confluent completely. After 30 minutes of culture, the cell sheets were cultured in myocardial cell medium. Two weeks later, cell morphology was observed using multi-photon microscopy. Immunocytochemistry, western blot and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of TnI and Cx43 in the myocardium. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect cardiomyocyte-specific gene expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: From the results of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and propidium iodide (PI) staining, we could found that ADSCs grew easily on the chitosan-collagen (5:5) membrane, and there were more dead cells on the chitosan-collagen (7:3) membrane than on the chitosan-collagen (5:5) membrane. After 2 weeks of differentiation with the myocardial cell medium, higher troponin I and Cx43 protein expressions were observed on the chitosan-collagen (5:5) membrane (P＜0.05). Moreover, the mRNA levels of α-skA, β-MHC, TnI, Cx43, ANP, GATA-4 and Nkx2.5 were higher in the chitosan-collagen (5:5) membrane group than the chitosan-collagen (7:3) membrane group. All these results indicate that the chitosan-collagen (5:5) membrane is better for the growth and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells, as well as for sandwich-like cell-sheet construction.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism and function of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 (CXCL12 / CXCR4) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Methods Western blot assay, immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of CXCL12/CXCR4 in 60 PHC and corresponding paracancerous tissue samples. Four kinds of hepatoma cells (Huh7, MHCC97h, HepG2 and Hep3B) and normal hepatocytes (7702) were routinely cultured, and then real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of CXCL12/CXCR4 in these cells to screen suitable experimental cells. CXCR4 interference plasmid (sh-CXCR4) and corresponding empty vector (sh-control) were transfected into MHCC97h to construct stable transfected cell lines. The ability of invasion, migration, and proliferation of the 2 groups of cells were detected by Tanswell invasion experiment, cell scratch test and MTT test. The stably expressed sh-control and sh-CXCR4 MHCC97h cells were taken into the subcutaneous of six nude mice, and the growth of the tumor was observed. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in sh-control and sh-CXCR4 MHCC97h cell lines and corresponding xenografts in nude mice, as the same in MHCC97h, which was transfected with CXCR overexpressed plasmid. Results (1) The results of Western blot assay, immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR showed that the expressions of CXCL12/CXCR4 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in liver cancer tissues than those of paracancerous tissues. (2) The expression levels of CXCL12/CXCR4 mRNA were higher in Huh7, MHCC97h, HepG2 and Hep3B cells than those of 7702 cells. MHCC97h was selected as the experimental cells. The ability of invasion, migration and proliferation of MHCC97h cells transfected with sh-CXCR4 were significantly lower than those of sh-control group. Meanwhile, the growth rate of nude mice transplanted with sh-CXCR4 MHCC97h cells was also significantly lower than that of sh-control group. (3) Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the expression of VEGF-C was lower in sh-CXCR4 group than that in sh-control group, and the expression of VEGF-C was obviously up-regulated after overexpression of CXCR4. Conclusion High expressions of CXCL12/CXCR4 are found in primary cancer tissues and hepatoma cells. CXCL12/CXCR4 may inhibit the proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells by regulating the expression of VEGF-C protein.
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Biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) emphasizes characteristic of the multi-component environment based on the drug solubility and permeability. In this study, the in situ closed-loop method combined with LC-MS technique was utilized to study the intestinal absorption and metabolism of Puerariae Lobatae Radix decoction (PLRD), providing selection basis for intestinal permeability components in CMMBCS. A total of 36 components were identified from PLRD. Among them, 17 components could be detected in the plasma sample, indicating that 17 components could be absorbed into blood, so these 17 components could be used as intestinal permeability evaluation components in CMMBCS. The other 19 components were not detected in the plasma sample, suggesting that they may not be absorbed or metabolized by the gut wall enzymes.
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The multiple components in Chinese herbal medicines (CHMS) will experience complex absorption and metabolism before entering the blood system. Previous studies often lay emphasis on the components in blood. However, the dynamic and sequential absorption and metabolism process following multi-component oral administration has not been studied. In this study, the in situ closed-loop method combined with LC-MS techniques were employed to study the sequential process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma decoction (RCD). A total of 14 major components were identified in RCD. Among them, ferulic acid, senkyunolide J, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide F, senkyunolide G, and butylidenephthalide were detected in all of the samples, indicating that the six components could be absorbed into blood in prototype. Butylphthalide, E-ligustilide, Z-ligustilide, cnidilide, senkyunolide A and senkyunolide Q were not detected in all the samples, suggesting that the six components may not be absorbed or metabolized before entering the hepatic portal vein. Senkyunolide H could be metabolized by the liver, while senkyunolide M could be metabolized by both liver and intestinal flora. This study clearly demonstrated the changes in the absorption and metabolism process following multi-component oral administration of RCD, so as to convert the static multi-component absorption process into a comprehensive dynamic and continuous absorption and metabolism process.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate short-stage results of audiological change of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to treatment modus of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 64 cases (128 ears) patients were divided to simple radiotherapy group (45 cases, 90 ears) and radiotherapy with chemotherapy group (combination treatment group, 19 cases, 38 ears). Meanwhile, 25 cases (50 ears) people took as control group, who had no obviously ear and nose disease. About two or three months after radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment completion, three groups were detected by otoscopy, pure tone test, tympanogram and eustachian tube function, respectively. Then, hearing variation of all patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment were investigated and compared each other. At the same time, the character and level of audiological change were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eardrum character of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients appeared change after radiotherapy. Simple radiotherapy and combination treatment groups were found having hearing impairment and eustachian tube functional disturbance. Moreover, most patients of simple radiotherapy group showed conductive deaf (24%, 22/90), and combination treatment group exhibited mingle (24%, 9/38) or sensorineural deafness (29%, 11/38).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Recent hearing of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were damaged by radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment, radiotherapy treatment induced middle ear or eustachian tube function disturbance, chemotherapy treatment had cochleotoxicity, compared with other treatment, combination treatment was more aggravated hearing impairment.</p>